Inventory of pesticide emissions into the air in Europe, Atmospheric Environment

Year : 2013

Author : D.A. Sarigiannis, P. Kontoroupis, E.S. Solomou, S. Nikolaki, A.J. Karabelas

Creation of a reliable and comprehensive emission inventory of the pesticides used in Europe is a key step towards quantitatively assessing the link between actual pesticide exposure and adverse health effects. An inventory of pesticide emissions was generated at a 1 1 km grid, for the year 2000. The emission model comprises three components: estimates of active substance (AS) wind drift taking into account crop type, volatilization during pesticide application and volatilization from the crop canopy. Results show that atmospheric emission of pesticides varies significantly across Europe. Different pesticide families are emitted from different parts of Europe as a function of the main crop(s) cultivated, agro-climatic conditions and production intensity. The pesticide emission inventory methodology developed herein is a valuable tool for assessing air quality in rural and peri-urban Europe, furnishing the necessary input for atmospheric modelling at different scales. Its estimates have been tested using global sensitivity and Monte Carlo analysis for uncertainty assessment and they have been validated against national and local surveys in four European countries; the results demonstrate the robustness and reliability of the inventory. The latter may therefore be readily used for exposure and health risk assessment studies targeting farmers, applicators, but also bystanders and the general population in Europe.

Pesticides-inventory-Atm-Env-2013-sarigiannis-1 Download

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Call Stack
#	Time	Memory	Function	Location
1	1.4004	28286144	shutdown_action_hook( )	...\load.php:0
2	1.4004	28286144	do_action( $hook_name = 'shutdown' )	...\load.php:1124
3	1.4004	28286520	WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => ''] )	...\plugin.php:517
4	1.4004	28286520	WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => ''] )	...\class-wp-hook.php:332
5	1.4004	28287680	wp_ob_end_flush_all( '' )	...\class-wp-hook.php:308
6	1.4004	28287680	ob_end_flush( )	...\functions.php:5279
7	1.4005	28386016	autoptimizeMain->end_buffering( $content = '<!doctype html>\r\n<html lang="en-US">\r\n<head>\r\n\t<meta charset="UTF-8">\r\n\t<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\r\n\t<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">\r\n\t<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">\r\n\t<meta name=\'robots\' content=\'index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1\' />\n<link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://nrre.cperi.certh.gr/el/inventory-of-pesticide-emissions-into-the-air-in-e', 9 )	...\functions.php:5279
8	1.4011	28388984	autoptimizeScripts->read( $options = ['aggregate' => 'on', 'defer_not_aggregate' => 1, 'defer_inline' => 1, 'justhead' => '', 'forcehead' => '', 'trycatch' => '', 'js_exclude' => 'wp-includes/js/dist/, wp-includes/js/tinymce/, js/jquery/jquery.js', 'cdn_url' => '', 'include_inline' => '', 'minify_excluded' => 'on'] )	...\autoptimizeMain.php:591
9	1.4011	28388984	apply_filters( $hook_name = 'autoptimize_filter_js_dontmove', $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'] )	...\autoptimizeScripts.php:286
10	1.4011	28389392	WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'], $args = [0 => [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after']] )	...\plugin.php:205

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Call Stack

Time

Memory

Function

Location

1.4004

28286144

shutdown_action_hook( )

...\load.php:0

1.4004

28286144

do_action( $hook_name = 'shutdown' )

...\load.php:1124

1.4004

28286520

WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => ''] )

...\plugin.php:517

1.4004

28286520

WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => ''] )

...\class-wp-hook.php:332

1.4004

28287680

wp_ob_end_flush_all( '' )

...\class-wp-hook.php:308

1.4004

28287680

ob_end_flush( )

...\functions.php:5279

1.4005

28386016

autoptimizeMain->end_buffering( $content = '<!doctype html>\r\n<html lang="en-US">\r\n<head>\r\n\t<meta charset="UTF-8">\r\n\t<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\r\n\t<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">\r\n\t<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">\r\n\t<meta name=\'robots\' content=\'index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1\' />\n<link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://nrre.cperi.certh.gr/el/inventory-of-pesticide-emissions-into-the-air-in-e', 9 )

...\functions.php:5279

1.4011

28388984

autoptimizeScripts->read( $options = ['aggregate' => 'on', 'defer_not_aggregate' => 1, 'defer_inline' => 1, 'justhead' => '', 'forcehead' => '', 'trycatch' => '', 'js_exclude' => 'wp-includes/js/dist/, wp-includes/js/tinymce/, js/jquery/jquery.js', 'cdn_url' => '', 'include_inline' => '', 'minify_excluded' => 'on'] )

...\autoptimizeMain.php:591

1.4011

28388984

apply_filters( $hook_name = 'autoptimize_filter_js_dontmove', $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'] )

...\autoptimizeScripts.php:286

1.4011

28389392

WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'], $args = [0 => [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after']] )

...\plugin.php:205