A hybrid photocatalysis - ultrafiltration continuous process for humic acids degradation, Separation and Purification Technology

A hybrid photocatalysis – ultrafiltration continuous process for humic acids degradation, Separation and Purification Technology

Year : 2013

Author : S.I. Patsios, V.C. Sarasidis, A.J. Karabelas

The successful operation of a hybrid photocatalysis–membrane separation process (in a laboratory-scale pilot system) is demonstrated for degradation of Humic Acids (HAs), which are typical refractory components of Natural Organic Matter (NOM). The Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor (PMR) employing an Ultrafiltration (UF) submerged module was operated in continuous mode with TiO₂ catalyst concentration 0.75 g/L and UV-A radiant flux 15.1 J/s, treating feed water with HA concentrations 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L. Experiments carried out within a sufficiently broad pH range (approx. 3.5–7.0) exhibited satisfactory HA mineralization rates and rather high HA mineralization efficiencies; a near optimum pH at approx. 5.5 was identified. The overall process removal efficiency (comprising both HA oxidation and UF membrane rejection) was even higher, as a result of the synergistic effects of photocatalytic oxidation and membrane filtration. The degradation of HA aromatic rings, that diminishes the Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) formation potential, was also very high; the specific UV-A₂₅₄ removal efficiency was greater than 95% in almost all cases studied. Concerning membrane filtration performance, the periodic backwashing employed, combined with the moderate membrane flux, effectively controlled membrane fouling thus permitting stable continuous operation with no wastewater stream.

1-s2.0-S1383586612006387-main-1 Download

( ! ) Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: call_user_func_array(): Argument #1 ($callback) must be a valid callback, non-static method wp_jquery_manager_plugin::autoptimize_support() cannot be called statically in C:\wamp64\www\nrre\wp-includes\class-wp-hook.php on line 308
( ! ) TypeError: call_user_func_array(): Argument #1 ($callback) must be a valid callback, non-static method wp_jquery_manager_plugin::autoptimize_support() cannot be called statically in C:\wamp64\www\nrre\wp-includes\class-wp-hook.php on line 308
Call Stack
#	Time	Memory	Function	Location
1	1.3840	28058768	shutdown_action_hook( )	...\load.php:0
2	1.3840	28058768	do_action( $hook_name = 'shutdown' )	...\load.php:1124
3	1.3840	28059144	WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => ''] )	...\plugin.php:517
4	1.3840	28059144	WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => ''] )	...\class-wp-hook.php:332
5	1.3840	28060304	wp_ob_end_flush_all( '' )	...\class-wp-hook.php:308
6	1.3840	28060304	ob_end_flush( )	...\functions.php:5279
7	1.3840	28162736	autoptimizeMain->end_buffering( $content = '<!doctype html>\r\n<html lang="en-US">\r\n<head>\r\n\t<meta charset="UTF-8">\r\n\t<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\r\n\t<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">\r\n\t<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">\r\n\t<meta name=\'robots\' content=\'index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1\' />\n<link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://nrre.cperi.certh.gr/el/a-hybrid-photocatalysis-ultrafiltration-continuous', 9 )	...\functions.php:5279
8	1.3846	28165704	autoptimizeScripts->read( $options = ['aggregate' => 'on', 'defer_not_aggregate' => 1, 'defer_inline' => 1, 'justhead' => '', 'forcehead' => '', 'trycatch' => '', 'js_exclude' => 'wp-includes/js/dist/, wp-includes/js/tinymce/, js/jquery/jquery.js', 'cdn_url' => '', 'include_inline' => '', 'minify_excluded' => 'on'] )	...\autoptimizeMain.php:591
9	1.3846	28165704	apply_filters( $hook_name = 'autoptimize_filter_js_dontmove', $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'] )	...\autoptimizeScripts.php:286
10	1.3847	28166112	WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'], $args = [0 => [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after']] )	...\plugin.php:205

( ! ) Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: call_user_func_array(): Argument #1 ($callback) must be a valid callback, non-static method wp_jquery_manager_plugin::autoptimize_support() cannot be called statically in C:\wamp64\www\nrre\wp-includes\class-wp-hook.php on line 308

( ! ) TypeError: call_user_func_array(): Argument #1 ($callback) must be a valid callback, non-static method wp_jquery_manager_plugin::autoptimize_support() cannot be called statically in C:\wamp64\www\nrre\wp-includes\class-wp-hook.php on line 308

Call Stack

Time

Memory

Function

Location

1.3840

28058768

shutdown_action_hook( )

...\load.php:0

1.3840

28058768

do_action( $hook_name = 'shutdown' )

...\load.php:1124

1.3840

28059144

WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => ''] )

...\plugin.php:517

1.3840

28059144

WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => ''] )

...\class-wp-hook.php:332

1.3840

28060304

wp_ob_end_flush_all( '' )

...\class-wp-hook.php:308

1.3840

28060304

ob_end_flush( )

...\functions.php:5279

1.3840

28162736

autoptimizeMain->end_buffering( $content = '<!doctype html>\r\n<html lang="en-US">\r\n<head>\r\n\t<meta charset="UTF-8">\r\n\t<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\r\n\t<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">\r\n\t<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">\r\n\t<meta name=\'robots\' content=\'index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1\' />\n<link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://nrre.cperi.certh.gr/el/a-hybrid-photocatalysis-ultrafiltration-continuous', 9 )

...\functions.php:5279

1.3846

28165704

autoptimizeScripts->read( $options = ['aggregate' => 'on', 'defer_not_aggregate' => 1, 'defer_inline' => 1, 'justhead' => '', 'forcehead' => '', 'trycatch' => '', 'js_exclude' => 'wp-includes/js/dist/, wp-includes/js/tinymce/, js/jquery/jquery.js', 'cdn_url' => '', 'include_inline' => '', 'minify_excluded' => 'on'] )

...\autoptimizeMain.php:591

1.3846

28165704

apply_filters( $hook_name = 'autoptimize_filter_js_dontmove', $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'] )

...\autoptimizeScripts.php:286

1.3847

28166112

WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after'], $args = [0 => [0 => 'document.write', 1 => 'html5.js', 2 => 'show_ads.js', 3 => 'google_ad', 4 => 'histats.com/js', 5 => 'statcounter.com/counter/counter.js', 6 => 'ws.amazon.com/widgets', 7 => 'media.fastclick.net', 8 => '/ads/', 9 => 'comment-form-quicktags/quicktags.php', 10 => 'edToolbar', 11 => 'intensedebate.com', 12 => 'scripts.chitika.net/', 13 => '_gaq.push', 14 => 'jotform.com/', 15 => 'admin-bar.min.js', 16 => 'GoogleAnalyticsObject', 17 => 'plupload.full.min.js', 18 => 'syntaxhighlighter', 19 => 'adsbygoogle', 20 => 'gist.github.com', 21 => '_stq', 22 => 'nonce', 23 => 'post_id', 24 => 'data-noptimize', 25 => 'data-cfasync', 26 => 'data-pagespeed-no-defer', 27 => 'logHuman', 28 => 'amp-mobile-version-switcher', 29 => 'data-rocketlazyloadscript', 30 => 'rocket-browser-checker-js-after']] )

...\plugin.php:205